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Fast fashion is everywhere – in just about every mall, in the feeds of influencers on social media promoting overconsumption, and in ads constantly popping up online. Its focus on the continual production of new clothing is marked by speedy fashion cycles that give it its name. Fast fashion is intended to quickly copy high-end designs, but with low-quality materials, resulting in poorly made clothing intended to be worn once or twice before being thrown away. One of fast fashion’s leading companies, Zara, has a mission to put clothes in stores 15 days after the initial design. Another, Shein, adds up to 2,000 new items to its website daily. While others in the fashion industry are working toward more sustainable clothing, fast fashion is focused on profit. The market’s value was estimated at about US$100 billion in 2022 and growing quickly. It’s a large part of the reason global clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014. The big winners in this game are the corporations. The industry has a reputation for exploiting workers and for excessive pollution and extraordinary waste. Consumers are pulled into an unhealthy, spiraling pressure to buy more as cheap clothes fall apart fast. Fast fashion also has a growing impact on the global climate. It is responsible for an estimated 8% to 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and its emissions are projected to grow quickly as the industry expands. I teach courses that explore fast fashion and sustainability. The industry’s growth seems unstoppable – but a combination of legislation and willpower might just rein it in. Understanding the harm About 60% of fast-fashion items are made from synthetic textiles derived from plastics and chemicals that start their life as fossil fuels. When this synthetic clothing is laundered or thrown in landfills to decompose, it can release microplastics into the environment. Microplastics contain chemicals including phthalates and bisphenol A that can affect the health of humans and animals. Natural fibers have their own impacts on the environment. Growing cotton requires large quantities of water, and pesticides can run off from farmlands into streams, rivers and bays. Water is also used in chemically treating and dyeing textiles. A 2005 United Nations-led report on cotton’s water use estimated that, on average, a single cotton T-shirt requires about 700 gallons (2,650 liters) of water from crop to clothing rack, with about 300 gallons (1,135 liters) of that water used for irrigation. The chemicals used to process textiles for clothing for the fashion industry also contaminate wastewater with heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead, and toxic dyes. And that wastewater ends up in waterways in many countries, affecting the environment and wildlife. Fast fashion’s high output also creates literally mountains of waste. More than 90 million tons of textile waste ends up in landfills globally each year, by one estimate, adding to greenhouse gases as it slowly decomposes. Only a small percentage of discarded clothing is recycled. From fashionista to environmental guardian In many cultures, people’s self-perception is intimately connected to fashion choices, reflecting culture and alliances. The allure of buying new items comes from many sources. Influencers on social media play into FOMO – the fear of missing out. Cheap items can also lead to impulse buys. Research shows that shopping can also create a euphoric sense of happiness. However, fast fashion’s speed and marketing can also train consumers into “psychological obsolescence,” causing them to dislike purchases they previously enjoyed, so they quickly replace them with new purchases. Famous personalities may be helping to push back on this trend. Social media explodes when a first lady or Kate Middleton, the Duchess of York, wears an outfit more than once. The movement #30wearschallenge is starting with small steps, by urging consumers to plan to wear every piece of clothing they buy at least 30 times. Upcycling – turning old clothing into new clothing items – and buying sustainable and high-quality clothes that can last for years is being promoted by the United Nations and other organizations, including alliances in the fashion industry. Some influencers are also promoting more sustainable fashion brands. Research has shown that peer influence can be a powerful driver for making more sustainable choices. The largest market for fast fashion is Gen Z, ages 12 to 27, many of whom are also concerned about climate change and might reconsider their fast-fashion buys if they recognized the connections between fast fashion and environmental harm. Some governments are also taking steps to reduce waste from fashion and other consumer products. The European Union is developing requirements for clothing to last longer and prohibiting companies from throwing out unsold textiles and footwear. France has pending legislation that, if passed, would ban publicity for fast-fashion companies and their products, require them to post the environmental impact of their products, and levy fines for violations. Changes in consumer habits, new technologies and legislation can each help reduce demand for unsustainable fashion. The cost of cheap clothes worn a few times also adds up. Next time you buy clothing, think about the long-term value to you and the planet. Paula M Carbone is Professor of Clinical Education, University of Southern California. The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.Transforming Sri Lanka’s Transport System
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Johnson City Schools recently named three educators to represent the district in the state’s search for the 2025-26 Teacher of the Year. Towne Acres fifth-grade teacher Karen Bunch, Indian Trail Career Explorations teacher Brandie Wishon-Sanchez and Science Hill history teacher Ben Davenport have been named the district-wide Teachers of the Year. The three will now compete to be named Regional Teachers of the Year, and will have the opportunity to advance to grand division and statewide competitions if they win locally. Before the competition heats up, the three took the time to answer five questions about their careers and the importance of education. Five Questions with Karen Bunch Towne Acres fifth-grade teacher Karen Bunch was named one of the District-Level Teachers of the Year. A Knoxville native, Bunch has a bachelor’s degree in education and a master’s degree in curriculum and instruction from the University of Tennessee. Bunch has been a teacher for 32 years, with 31 of them spent at Towne Acres. Bunch currently resides in Kingsport with her husband, Michael, and their five cats. When outside of school, she spends her time reading, cooking, traveling and watching UT games with her friends and family. What led you to pursue a career in education? I have wanted to be a teacher for as long as I can remember. I loved ‘playing school’ with my stuffed animals and even had my own chalkboard! Several of my teachers inspired me to pursue leadership roles, which sparked the teaching bug! What is your favorite part of your job? My favorite part of being a teacher is seeing the lightbulb moment firsthand when a student ‘gets it’. That is such a rewarding experience for me! What is your favorite lesson or unit to teach in your classroom? This is my first year teaching fifth grade math, but I love seeing how my students have progressed from basic multiplication facts to more complex skills like multiplying decimals and fractions. It’s been fun learning with them! From my past years in third grade, I loved teaching physical science with exploration and hands-on activities. What is one piece of advice you share with students? Everyone makes mistakes. It’s how you recover that matters. What is one common misconception about being a teacher? One common misconception about being a teacher is work hours. Although our work hours are 8:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. with weekends, holidays and summers off, most teachers willingly go way beyond the contracted hours to provide for their students. Five Questions with Brandie Wishon-Sanchez Indian Trail Career Explorations teacher Brandie Wishon-Sanchez was named one of the District-Level Teachers of the Year. Originally from San Diego, California, Wishon-Sanchez spent most of her early childhood in Guam until moving to Charleston, South Carolina at the age of seven. Wishon-Sanchez moved to Tennessee when she was 16 after her father retired from the Navy. Wishon-Sanchez has a bachelor’s degree in social work and child psychology and a master’s degree in art and teaching. Wishon-Sanchez has been teaching for 24 years. When she’s not in the classroom, she enjoys dancing and spending time with family. What led you to pursue a career in education? As a child, I excelled academically but struggled behaviorally in school. I was the kid who talked too much, had too much attitude and was often sent out of class. Growing up at a time when ADHD wasn’t well understood, I never had a teacher who took the time to sit down, listen and truly understand what was going on with me. That experience shaped my decision to become an educator. I chose this profession to be the teacher I never had—the one who holds students accountable, but also provides the support and understanding they need. My goal is to be there for students, especially those who feel unseen, and to be part of the solution rather than giving up on those who need someone in their corner. What is your favorite part of your job? My favorite part of teaching is the opportunity to connect with students and watch them discover what they want to do in the future. As a career exploration teacher, I love guiding students as they create projects like commercials, video blogs and new business products. I also cherish my role in Hawk's Academy, where I work closely with students who need more behavioral support. Building relationships with these students, who often don’t get the chance to connect deeply with others, is incredibly rewarding and reminds me why I chose this profession. What is your favorite lesson or unit to teach in your classroom? One of my favorite lessons to teach is preparing eighth-grade students for the professional world. In this unit, they learn how to fill out applications, create resumes and navigate the do’s and don’ts of interviewing. The highlight is when community partners come in to conduct real interviews with the students, grading them on key skills like handshakes, confident answers and managing nerves. What is one piece of advice you share with students? One piece of advice I always share with each of my students is to never take life for granted. I encourage them to choose joy and gratitude daily, even during tough times. I always stress that every day if they can find the smallest thing to be thankful for it can lead to a more rewarding and fulfilling life. What is one common misconception about being a teacher? A common misconception about teaching is that it’s like babysitting and easy since we have ‘summers off,’ but nothing could be further from the truth. Having had a few careers and jobs in the past, I can say with all my heart that teaching is the most challenging, exhausting and frustrating job—and yet it’s also the most rewarding, endearing, loving and exciting career I have ever had. Every day, we get the privilege to wear so many hats for our kids. We become their parents, therapists, coaches, advocates, and so much more, we pour everything we have into helping students succeed and grow. Five Questions with Ben Davenport Science Hill history teacher Ben Davenport was named one of the District-Level Teachers of the Year. A Johnson City native, Davenport attended Science Hill High School and graduated in 2001 before going on to receive a bachelor’s degree in history from UT, a master’s degree in teaching from ETSU and an educational specialist degree from Union Commonwealth University. When outside the classroom, Davenport enjoys watching sports, traveling to new places and spending time with family. What led you to pursue a career in education? I visited a high school classroom as a college student and appreciated the interactions and learning that was happening. I have always had a desire to know and learn more. I think that I had positive role models in my life from my family and teachers, and as I got older I realized that those people had a direct effect on my future. I wanted to help others as they helped me, so it was a natural fit. What is your favorite part of your job? Each day is unique, and I love the challenge of teaching. I love the times when the lightbulb goes off in a student's head and they learn something new. I love when they can connect past events to the current day. I love seeing their critical thinking and analytical skills grow. This is the only profession that has an impact on all professions. What is your favorite lesson or unit to teach in your classroom? I love teaching about World War II. My grandfather was a WWII vet and his generation experienced the hardships of the Great Depression and were asked to sacrifice for the greater good to fight totalitarian regimes. Teaching students about the war at home and abroad helps students know about resiliency, sacrifice, empathy and what America can achieve when united for a cause. It shows how great this nation can be when we work together, not against one another. What is one piece of advice you share with students? Teaching history gives me all kinds of avenues to help students learn from the past. The best advice I can give them is to make a positive impact where they are and to have confidence in themselves. What is one common misconception about being a teacher? There are two misconceptions that come to mind immediately. First, students and teenagers are not as respectful or well behaved as they used to be. I find that kids by and large are good people. They want to help others, they are respectful of adults and they will work hard. They are motivated (and distracted) in many different ways, but I see great kids every single day at Science Hill. The second misconception is that teachers, especially experienced ones, can just ‘show up and teach’. Teachers have to constantly adapt and evolve how they teach and even what they teach. You have to be ready for different learning styles, different technology, different content and even different types of classrooms. Answers have been edited for length and AP style. Stay Informed: Subscribe to Our Newsletter Today