
Ministers target prisoners to fill UK’s labour shortagesMine planners are frequently asked to generate a series of schedules which represent strategies for their businesses under varying market conditions. These conditions are often represented by some kind of informed commodity price forecast, though it is not my intention to discuss price forecasts here. However, for these given forecasts, I would like to show how modelling a more comprehensive options costing framework can have a meaningful impact on the strategy for a mine. Worker with cardboard head and umbrella, standing on the road while looking at signpost directing at the road to recovery or recession financial The Situation and the Pitfalls with a Traditional Approach Let’s look at a situation when the forecasted price path falls into pessimistic territory and the margin squeeze begins. In this case, mine planners who use the traditional simple OPEX-based costing model may decide that it is more economic to shut down one or more parts of the operation for the period of decline. This is because the traditional approach has no penalty associated with shutting down, except the opportunity cost captured in the discount rate. However, shutting down infrastructure (as well as re-starting it in future periods) has a cost, and this cost should be considered in addition to business-as-usual outlays when deciding whether or not to shut down. An Example To illustrate this situation I have developed an example of an open pit mine faced with a series of possible pessimistic future conditions. These conditions are represented by four different forecasts for copper over a ten year period: For each forecast, we must determine the strategy for the business: whether to operate, shut down or choose some combination of the two. The Methodology I modeled this example using an integrated optimization approach. The cut-off grade and material destinations of the mine are not pre-defined as the optimization will determine them based on the economic conditions and operating constraints (including a maximum milling constraint). There is no stockpiling in this model. A constant 10% discount rate is applied to calculate the net present value. I modelled the fixed costing environment using six possible operating options for each period, the combination of which forms the operating strategy of the business for each ten year scenario. I associated scalable tonnage and mining activities with variable costs (e.g.: pcost is in $/tonne, haulage cost is in $/hour, etc.). The key to this method is to include the fixed period-based cost options (e.g.: costs of shutting down, operating and restarting) in addition to the operational-based unit costing elements for each scenario as inputs into the optimization. To find the combinations of options which form the schedule with the highest NPV, I solved the problem with global optimization, which considers all periods simultaneously. The selection of the optimum option combination is accomplished within the optimization itself, and not as a post-scheduling cash flow evaluation. Sometimes in strategic mine plans, we “do nothing” to avoid any type of fixed costs, but this isn’t possible in real life, so it shouldn’t be an option for our mine plan. The Results Finding the optimal schedule using a global optimization is not straightforward. This is because the periodic variability in each of the price profiles must be leveraged, together with the known fixed cost options, to deliver the schedule with the maximum NPV. The following chart shows the periods when the mine should be shut down in order to maximize NPV; square markers reveal the periods for shutdown for each scenario. The worst case scenario (F2), demonstrated by a continuous 10% price regression, indicates that the mine and mill should persist operating until the price falls below $3500/t (YR7) and remain closed as the price continues to fall. The short term recession/slow recovery scenario (F3) indicates the best strategy for the business under these conditions is a single period mine and mill shut-down when the price falls below $4500/t (YR3), followed by continuous operations beyond. The medium term recession/aggressive recovery scenario (F4) indicates that the best strategy for the business is a mine and mill closure for the three lowest price years when the price falls below $4000/t (YR4-YR6), then resume operating in YR7 as the price recovers. Comparison with the Traditional OPEX-based Approach To confirm my methodology, I decided to compare my results with results using the traditional OPEX-based approach. If I took the shutdown costs out of the optimization process, what would the schedules look like? For all four forecasts, I modelled the same scenarios again with variable costs (only). But this time, the costs are only incurred during active periods of mining and processing, which is similar to the way many traditional models are set up. Here’s what happened: The results indicate that for the traditional approach there are additional shutdown periods (indicated by triangles), confirming that solving without the shutdown costs penalty directly affects the schedule results for this example mine. Summary This simple study only scratches the surface of this topic, however, it demonstrates how an additional, defined options framework for fixed costing (such as shutdown and restart costs) can significantly influence your strategic schedule. In general, when you add more information to the framework for your decision, you will get a more realistic result. The traditional approach lacks this framework and does not consider all factors when optimizing the schedule. This incomplete scenario may mislead you into following a flawed strategy of shutting down for longer periods of time, and ultimately missing out on value that is crucial in challenging economic times. What approach are you using to define real operating options in the face of future conditions? Share this on social media or by using the contact form below.
"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?" 1914 translation by H. Rackham "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" 1914 translation by H. Rackham "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" To keep reading, please log in to your account, create a free account, or simply fill out the form below.
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Daily Post Nigeria Terrorists planning to kidnap Emirs – Primate Ayodele Home News Politics Metro Entertainment Sport News Terrorists planning to kidnap Emirs – Primate Ayodele Published on November 24, 2024 By Seun Opejobi The Leader of INRI Evangelical Spiritual Church, Primate Elijah Ayodele, on Sunday, alerted Nigerian security operatives about plans to kidnap Emirs and attack palaces across the country between December and February 2025. Disclosing this in a statement by his Media Aide, Oluwatosin Osho, Ayodele also revealed that Boko Haram, ESN and ISWAP leaders will be taken out by the military. He said there would also be a high influx of attacks on farmers. According to Ayodele: ”There will be attacks against Emirs, Farmers, and Palaces across the country. They are planning to kidnap Emirs and farmers between December and February next year.” However, Primate Ayodele stated that he sees the Nigerian military overcoming bandits and taking out some of their commanders. “Nigerian army will do so well in combating these bandits. I see some Boko Haram, ESN, ISWAP leaders being taken out by the military. Some of them will be arrested within this period too,” he added. Related Topics: Primate Ayodele Don't Miss Many hospitalized in Abia town after free medical outreach You may like 2025: Pray against massive Ebola spread in Lagos, Oyo, others – Primate Ayodele warns PDP under spell, needs spiritual cleansing – Primate Ayodele ‘Corruption reason Nigerians are suffering’ – Primate Ayodele 2027: Form coalition to unseat Tinubu – Primate Ayodele tells LP, NNPP, PDP Stop evil predictions against Tinubu, Nigeria – Mahara Ji warns Primate Ayodele Terrorists planning to attack FCT, Benue, Imo, 4 other Nigerian states – Primate Ayodele tells COAS Advertise About Us Contact Us Privacy-Policy Terms Copyright © Daily Post Media LtdRays to front-load home games at minor league ballpark to avoid summer rainThat's why this week, naturally, is too early for them to talk about making the inaugural 12-team tournament — as enticing as their prospects might be. “I think the quality of teams that we go in and play each week speaks for itself,” quarterback Drew Allar said. "But as far as rankings, it doesn’t really matter until it matters.” Penn State (9-1, 6-1 Big Ten) is fourth in both the AP poll and the CFP rankings this week, needing help for a long-shot hope of reaching the Big Ten title game because of a loss to now-No. 2 Ohio State on Nov. 2. In this new era of playoff expansion, the Nittany Lions are on firm footing for an at-large bid. Lose to the unranked Gophers (6-4, 4-3), however, and that ground could become shaky given the current collection of standout two-loss teams in the SEC. In case the Nittany Lions needed proof of the danger of letting focus diverge, coach James Franklin and his staff can call up the tape from Nov. 9, 2019. That's when an undefeated Penn State team came to Minnesota and lost 31-26 . The Nittany Lions lost again at Ohio State two weeks later and finished 11-2, one of several not-quite performances for this storied program that last went unbeaten in 1994 and hasn't been recognized as national champions since 1986. The Gophers were undefeated themselves after that game before losses to rivals Iowa and Wisconsin ended their Rose Bowl quest. This team isn't on that level of talent and success from five years ago, but the chemistry has been off the charts. Coach P.J. Fleck drew attention to some of the individual standout performances that fueled the signature victory in 2019 in meetings with players this week. “We need our best playmakers to play their best. Penn State’s going to need their playmakers to be their best. That’s what happens in November,” Fleck said. Tyler Warren has already shattered nearly every record for Penn State tight ends. The do-it-all senior become such a force his teammates insist he’s worthy of the Heisman Trophy, tracking toward the top of the NFL draft board for his position next spring. “He’s the best tight end in America, but he’s also the most complete tight end in America," Allar said. Warren is coming off a 190-yard performance at Purdue that included 63 yards on three rushes and 127 yards on eight receptions. “He has the ability to take a play that should be 2 or 3 yards and turn it into 30 or 40,” Gophers defensive end Danny Striggow said. Penn State defensive end Abdul Carter has 171⁄2 tackles for loss, the second-most in the FBS, and eight sacks to match the third-most in the Big Ten. He has a challenging matchup this week with Minnesota left tackle Aireontae Ersery across from him in a battle of projected first-round NFL draft picks. Gophers coaches told Striggow and his fellow defensive linemen a couple of seasons ago to relish the opportunity to face Ersery in practice. “That’s one of the best looks in the country that you’re going to get,” Striggow said. Carter has successfully made the transition from linebacker this season. “He is impacting the game in a number of ways, which creates opportunities for other guys on our defensive line and within our defense and causes a lot of headaches,” Franklin said. “He is becoming more and more of a leader every single day.” Allar and the Nittany Lions have paid particular attention to protecting the ball this week, given the Gophers have 16 interceptions, one short of the national lead. Penn State quarterback Drew Allar feels he’ll need to be especially accurate this weekend considering Minnesota has 16 interceptions on the season. “We’re just going to have to be disciplined and stick to our game plan,” Allar said. The Gophers have a strong group of departing players who will take the field at Huntington Bank Stadium for the final time, including Ersery, quarterback Max Brosmer, wide receiver Daniel Jackson, right guard Quinn Carroll, cornerback Justin Walley, kicker Dragan Kesich and Striggow. “It’s been good to reflect, but it’s not over yet," Striggow said. "Those short windows of reflection, I cut ’em out and then say, ‘We’ve got some more memories to make.’” Get poll alerts and updates on the AP Top 25 throughout the season. Sign up here . AP college football: https://apnews.com/hub/ap-top-25-college-football-poll and https://apnews.com/hub/college-football .
Netflix To Deliver Thrills, Drama With Seven Doors, Squid Game: Season 2, OthersCowboys win wild one vs. Commanders to halt five-game slideLAS VEGAS — Formula 1 on Monday at last said it will expand its grid in 2026 to make room for an American team that is partnered with General Motors. "As the pinnacle of motorsports, F1 demands boundary-pushing innovation and excellence. It's an honor for General Motors and Cadillac to join the world's premier racing series, and we're committed to competing with passion and integrity to elevate the sport for race fans around the world," GM President Mark Reuss said. "This is a global stage for us to demonstrate GM's engineering expertise and technology leadership at an entirely new level." The approval ends years of wrangling that launched a U.S. Justice Department investigation into why Colorado-based Liberty Media, the commercial rights holder of F1, would not approve the team initially started by Michael Andretti. Andretti in September stepped aside from leading his namesake organization, so the 11th team will be called Cadillac F1 and be run by new Andretti Global majority owners Dan Towriss and Mark Walter. The team will use Ferrari engines its first two years until GM has a Cadillac engine built for competition in time for the 2028 season. People are also reading... Towriss is the the CEO and president of Group 1001 and entered motorsports via Andretti's IndyCar team when he signed on financial savings platform Gainbridge as a sponsor. Towriss is now a major part of the motorsports scene with ownership stakes in both Spire Motorsports' NASCAR team and Wayne Taylor Racing's sports car team. Walter is the chief executive of financial services firm Guggenheim Partners and the controlling owner of both the World Series champion Los Angeles Dodgers and Premier League club Chelsea. "We're excited to partner with General Motors in bringing a dynamic presence to Formula 1," Towriss said. "Together, we're assembling a world-class team that will embody American innovation and deliver unforgettable moments to race fans around the world." Mario Andretti, the 1978 F1 world champion, will have an ambassador role with Cadillac F1. But his son, Michael, will have no official position with the organization now that he has scaled back his involvement with Andretti Global. "The Cadillac F1 Team is made up of a strong group of people that have worked tirelessly to build an American works team," Michael Andretti posted on social media. "I'm very proud of the hard work they have put in and congratulate all involved on this momentous next step. I will be cheering for you!" The approval has been in works for weeks but was held until after last weekend's Las Vegas Grand Prix to not overshadow the showcase event of the Liberty Media portfolio. Max Verstappen won his fourth consecutive championship in Saturday night's race, the third and final stop in the United States for the top motorsports series in the world. Grid expansion in F1 is both infrequent and often unsuccessful. Four teams were granted entries in 2010 that should have pushed the grid to 13 teams and 26 cars for the first time since 1995. One team never made it to the grid and the other three had vanished by 2017. There is only one American team on the current F1 grid — owned by California businessman Gene Haas — but it is not particularly competitive and does not field American drivers. Andretti's dream was to field a truly American team with American drivers. The fight to add this team has been going on for three-plus years, and F1 initially denied the application despite approval from F1 sanctioning body FIA. The existing 10 teams, who have no voice in the matter, also largely opposed expansion because of the dilution in prize money and the billions of dollars they've already invested in the series. Andretti in 2020 tried and failed to buy the existing Sauber team. From there, he applied for grid expansion and partnered with GM, the top-selling manufacturer in the United States. The inclusion of GM was championed by the FIA and president Mohammed Ben Sulayem, who said Michael Andretti's application was the only one of seven applicants to meet all required criteria to expand F1's current grid. "General Motors is a huge global brand and powerhouse in the OEM world and is working with impressive partners," Ben Sulayem said Monday. "I am fully supportive of the efforts made by the FIA, Formula 1, GM and the team to maintain dialogue and work towards this outcome of an agreement in principle to progress this application." Despite the FIA's acceptance of Andretti and General Motors from the start, F1 wasn't interested in Andretti — but did want GM. At one point, F1 asked GM to find another team to partner with besides Andretti. GM refused and F1 said it would revisit the Andretti application if and when Cadillac had an engine ready to compete. "Formula 1 has maintained a dialogue with General Motors, and its partners at TWG Global, regarding the viability of an entry following the commercial assessment and decision made by Formula 1 in January 2024," F1 said in a statement. "Over the course of this year, they have achieved operational milestones and made clear their commitment to brand the 11th team GM/Cadillac, and that GM will enter as an engine supplier at a later time. Formula 1 is therefore pleased to move forward with this application process." Yet another major shift in the debate over grid expansion occurred earlier this month with the announced resignation of Liberty Media CEO Greg Maffei, who was largely believed to be one of the biggest opponents of the Andretti entry. "With Formula 1's continued growth plans in the US, we have always believed that welcoming an impressive US brand like GM/Cadillac to the grid and GM as a future power unit supplier could bring additional value and interest to the sport," Maffei said. "We credit the leadership of General Motors and their partners with significant progress in their readiness to enter Formula 1." Be the first to know Get local news delivered to your inbox!
Celtics center Kristaps Porzingis slated to make season debut on Monday night vs LA ClippersAndrej Stojakovic made 11 free throws to help craft a team-high 20 points, freshman Jeremiah Wilkinson had his second consecutive big game off the bench and Cal ran its winning streak to three with an 83-77 nonconference victory over Sacramento State on Sunday afternoon in Berkeley, Calif. Wilkinson finished with 16 points and Rytis Petraitis 13 for the Golden Bears (5-1), whose only loss this season was at Vanderbilt. Jacob Holt went for a season-high 25 points for the Hornets (1-4), who dropped their fourth straight after a season-opening win over Cal State Maritime. Seeking a fourth straight home win, Cal led by as many as 12 points in the first half and 40-33 at halftime before Sacramento State rallied. The Hornets used a 14-5 burst out of the gate following the intermission to grab a 47-45 lead. Julian Vaughns had a 3-pointer and three-point play in the run. But Cal dominated pretty much the rest of the game, taking the lead for good on a Petraitis 3-pointer with 14:50 remaining. Stojakovic, a transfer from rival Stanford, went 11-for-15 at the foul line en route to his third 20-point game of the young season. Cal outscored Sacramento State 26-17 on free throws to more than account for the margin of victory. Coming off a 23-point explosion in his first extended action of the season, Wilkinson hit five of his 10 shots Sunday. The Golden Bears outshot the Hornets 47.2 percent to 43.1 percent. Joshua Ola-Joseph contributed 10 points and six rebounds, Mady Sissoko also had 10 points and Petraitis found time for a team-high five assists. Holt complemented his 25 points with a game-high eight rebounds. He made four 3-pointers, as did Vaughns en route to 18 points, helping Sacramento State outscore Cal 30-21 from beyond the arc. EJ Neal added 16 points for the Hornets, while Emil Skytta tied for game-high assist honors with five to go with seven points. --Field Level Media
Memphis beats No. 2 UConn 99-97 in overtime to tipoff Maui Invitational