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While My Gaze Was Elsewhere
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NoneA lot goes on behind the scenes to keep aircraft safe and airworthy, something that many of us take for granted. One of the major considerations for an airline when it comes to maintaining their aircraft is the engines , which undergo extreme stress conditions every time the aircraft takes to the skies. Despite recent advances in technology, engines will not generally last the entire lifespan of the aircraft. Some commercial aircraft still in service are more than 40 years old, such as Nolinor Aviation's Boeing 737-200 , registered as C-GNLN, which is the oldest aircraft currently in commercial service. This means that throughout the aircraft's lifetime, it is likely to undergo several complete engine repairs or replacements. In this case, bigger is better. How often do aircraft engines need replacing? When it comes to determining when an engine overhaul is needed, many factors come into play, but the most important one is the number of flight cycles. Put simply, a flight cycle is the number of take-offs and landings that the aircraft has completed, irrespective of the length of each flight (go-arounds are also included as a flight cycle). This is because it is during these two phases of flight that the engines are put under the most strain. The lifespans of modern aircraft, as measured in flight cycles, can vary significantly, depending on the size, weight, and age of the aircraft. Typical examples include: Aircraft Flight cycles Airbus A320 50,000 Boeing 737 60,000 Airbus A350 45,000 Boeing 787 44,000 During its lifetime, a typical aircraft engine will undergo two or three complete overhaul cycles, during which engine parts are either replaced or repaired. The first complete overhaul cycle typically takes place after around 12,000 flight cycles, but the gap shortens to between every 5,000 and 10,000 cycles thereafter. Narrobwody, short-haul aircraft tend to complete more flight cycles than their long-range counterparts, so it is to be expected that their engines would need to undergo a complete overhaul cycle more frequently. It is rare to find rear-mounted engines in commercial aircraft these days. Data from ch-aviation tells us how many flight cycles each aircraft has completed to date. Taking a number of examples from airline fleets across the world, we can estimate how many complete overhaul cycles their engines may have gone through: Airline Aircraft Registration Age Flight cycles Estimated overhauls Delta Air Lines Boeing 767-300ER N1603 26 years old 15,822 1 Qantas Airbus A330-300 VH-QPB 21 years old 13,448 1 Nolinor Aviation Boeing 737-200 C-GNLN 41 years old 30,473 3 American Airlines Airbus A320 N103US 26 years old 38,349 4 The frequency of engine maintenance work varies very little between engine manufacturers. Among the largest manufacturers supplying engines around the world today are: Rolls-Royce Pratt & Whitney General Electric (GE) Safran. With the help of technological progress, engine manufacturers are constantly developing more advanced aircraft engines that are more efficient and have a longer lifespan: Examining the top five engine families of the 20th century. Operating conditions also impact an engine's lifespan Operating conditions, such as temperature and pressure, can also affect the lifespan of an engine. For example, the hot section of an engine experiences extremely high temperatures on a regular basis. Such extreme conditions gradually degrade the section's components, meaning that they need replacing or repairing more regularly than other parts of the engine. Humid conditions can also cause the oxidation of metals within the aircraft engine. This is particularly the case if the aircraft is parked near to the sea, where humid air contains corrosive salt. For this reason, when aircraft need to be stored longer-term, they are sent to parts of the world with dry conditions, such as Mojave Air and Space Port (MHV) in California. The cost of engine repair work Each complete overhaul cycle can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, both in terms of the specialist materials and labor required to complete the maintenance work, and the loss of revenue while the aircraft is on the ground. This is often still significantly cheaper than a brand-new engine, the cost of which can run into millions of dollars. With this in mind, it is important that airlines are able to identify the most effective time to complete any non-urgent engine work. This may be in the low season, when taking an aircraft out of service will not have a major impact on flying schedules, and therefore reduce any potential losses in revenue. Why are engines replaced so frequently? It goes without saying that safety is and always will be of paramount importance to the aviation industry. With their power providing the thrust necessary for take-off, and reverse thrust that brings an aircraft to a complete stop on landing, aircraft engines are put under significant stress on a regular basis. Engines are also critical to the safe operation of an aircraft, which is why such regular checks and maintenance are necessary. Airlines worldwide are facing scheduling problems amidst a shortage of new aircraft and parts for maintenance.Rays will play 13 of first 16 games at home and 47 of 59, then have 69 of last 103 on road
(Bloomberg) -- Rupert Murdoch was unsuccessful in his effort to change his family trust and hand sole control of his media empire to his eldest son, the New York Times reported on Monday. The Reno, Nevada, probate commissioner hearing the case rendered a verdict on Saturday, the paper reported, citing a sealed document saying that the elder Murdoch had acted in “bad faith” when he tried to change terms of an irrevocable trust to leave Lachlan Murdoch in charge. Spokespeople for the Murdochs didn’t immediately return requests for comment. An attorney for Rupert Murdoch told the Times he intends to appeal the ruling. The case weighed heavily on the future of some of the highest-profile media properties in the world. Through a family trust, Murdoch, 93, owns about 40% of the voting stock in both Fox Corp., the parent of Fox News, and News Corp., which counts the Wall Street Journal and the Times of London among its many holdings. Upon Murdoch’s death, control of the trust was to be split among his four oldest kids. Instead, he sought to give voting power to Lachlan, who serves as chief executive officer of Fox and chairman of News Corp. The case was heard in probate court, which manages legal proceedings around the transfer of property after a person’s death, and wasn’t open to the public. News outlets, including the New York Times Co. and CNN, unsuccessfully sought to open up the proceedings. A Nevada probate commissioner determined in June that Murdoch could change the trust as long as he was doing so in good faith and in the best interest of his heirs. Murdoch argued that the change would benefit all six of his children because it would prevent Lachlan’s more politically liberal siblings — Prudence, Elisabeth and James — from making Fox News more moderate, thus hurting its value as a conservative media brand. The trio chose to share legal counsel and take their father to court in a trial that began Sept. 16, arguing that the change violates the trust’s original conditions and that they would be wrongfully disenfranchised. Murdoch hired his own team of lawyers, including former US Attorney General William Barr, who was spotted at the Reno courthouse as Murdoch’s team emerged from a fleet of SUVs. Nevada’s lack of income and inheritance taxes, as well as its confidentiality protections have made it a top venue for family trust management. Picking Reno over the bustling hub of Las Vegas added another layer of privacy to the closed-door proceedings, according to Nevada probate lawyer Elyse Tyrell. More stories like this are available on bloomberg.com ©2024 Bloomberg L.P.Wolves delay start vs. Spurs due to court issueHealth Brief: The Threat From Sugary Drinks, ADHD, And The Cholesterol-Dementia Connection
Making a masterpiece: Thrive honors achievements in leadershipMINNEAPOLIS -- The Minnesota Timberwolves delayed their game against the San Antonio Spurs by one hour Sunday night due to an issue with the court at Target Center. The Timberwolves announced the decision about three hours before the originally scheduled tipoff time. The Spurs discovered the problem during their morning shootaround, Timberwolves spokesman Patrick Rees said. The team decided to delay the game so arena staff had enough time to install the replacement court that had to be delivered from elsewhere. The Timberwolves have played at Target Center since 1990.Customers have expressed their surprise on social media after discovering Easter eggs and hot cross buns gracing the shelves of supermarkets such as Morrisons , Tesco , and Asda before the ball has even dropped on New Year's Eve. Despite Easter Sunday not arriving until April 20, festive chocolates are already making an appearance. One perplexed Twitter user, @Jingle1991, posted a picture of Malteser Bunnies spotted in Sainsbury’s on Christmas Eve with the sardonic caption: "Jesus hasn’t even been born yet." In Margate, 66-year-old Gary Evans encountered Creme Eggs proudly displayed in Morrison’s just a day after Christmas, stating: "I just think its crazy that everything is so superficial and meaninglessly commercial... (there’s) something quite frantic about it," he told PA news agency. In Stoke-on-Trent, 35-year-old admin support worker Joseph Robinson stumbled upon Easter treats including Cadbury Mini Eggs, and specific Kit-Kat and Kinder Surprise editions during an outing to his local Morrisons on Friday evening. “It’s funny, as they’ve not even managed to shift the Christmas chocolates off the shelves yet and they’re already stocking for Easter," he said. “I wish that Supermarkets weren’t so blatantly consumerist-driven and would actually allow customers and staff a time to decompress during the Christmas period.” Asked if he was tempted to make a purchase, Mr Robinson added: “As a vegan it holds no appeal to me!” Mike Chalmers, a devout Christian from Chippenham, Wiltshire, offered a more measured response upon seeing a sign that read: "Celebrate this Easter with Cadbury." “Christmas and Easter are the two centrepoints of the Christian good news story so it’s no bad thing to see the connections,” the 44-year-old said. “It’s about more than shapes of chocolate though!” Marketing consultant Andrew Wallis admitted he was surprised to see Easter eggs in the Co-op in Kilgetty, Pembrokeshire, but added it also illustrates “forward-thinking” from big businesses. “It made me reflect on how big brands are always thinking ahead and planning early,” the 54-year-old from the Isle of Man, who provides marketing advice to the fitness industry, told PA. “My message to retailers would be: while planning ahead is important, it’s also essential to be mindful of consumer sentiment. “Some might feel it’s too early for seasonal products like this but others might see it as a sign of forward-thinking. “Striking the right balance is key to keeping customers happy.”
Rams offense is humming with good health, and it gave a stellar performance to upset Buffalo