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did the aztecs have coins

2025-01-24
did the aztecs have coins

Spanish sailors looking to defend their GP title

Kings head to San Jose looking to build off strong defensive homestandNone

Reflecting on the life and legacy of Dr. Manmohan Singh, the esteemed former Prime Minister, fills me with deep respect and admiration. He was a leader who embodied wisdom, humility, and an unwavering commitment to the progress of all regions in India. It was under his leadership that I had the privilege of working on several critical initiatives for Jammu and Kashmir, witnessing firsthand his visionary approach to inclusive growth. During my tenure as the leader of the Federation of Chambers of Industries Kashmir (FCIK), I had numerous opportunities to meet Dr. Singh and attend special programs led by him. One of the most defining moments in both my career and personal interactions with Dr. Singh occurred in 2009. That year, under my leadership, FCIK made the bold decision to return the industrial incentive package announced by the central government in 2002. This decision, widely covered by the media, was a response to growing dissatisfaction in our region with the scheme’s implementation, which, in our view, failed to address the core issues it was intended to resolve. The day of our meeting with the Prime Minister at Hari Niwas in Jammu arrived. I was accompanied by my Vice President, Ghulam Mohammad Tramboo, and Secretary General, Syed Afaq Ahmad Qadiri. Upon arrival, we were greeted by the Secretary of Industries and Commerce, who conveyed a message from Chief Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad. The Chief Minister advised us to reconsider our decision to return the package and instead present a charter of demands, which the state government would fully support. Despite the persuasion, we made it clear that our intention was not to embarrass the Prime Minister but to protest the lack of attention to our region’s concerns. We reassured them that we knew how to express our protest in a dignified manner. At the meeting, Dr. Singh was surrounded by key figures, including Chief Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad, JKPCC Chief Saif ud Din Soz, Nawang Rigzin Jora, Dr. Haseeb Drabu and several central and state officials. We handed over the incentive package, wrapped in gift paper with a ribbon, as a symbolic gesture of our protest. I addressed Dr. Singh with the following remarks: “Sir, I have long admired your visionary policies and their impact on the Indian economy. I remember you saying in Parliament that ‘whatever breeds inequality in opportunities should be abandoned.’ This package, though well-intentioned, has only bred inequality in our region. More than 95% of its incentives have gone to units concentrated in just two districts out of the 22 in Jammu and Kashmir, with 90% going to outside investors. Despite our repeated efforts to include existing local units, we have been unsuccessful. We ask you to abandon this scheme of inequalities.” This moment was not just about expressing frustration; it highlighted our demand for policies that genuinely empower local industries and create meaningful opportunities for the people of Jammu and Kashmir, rather than perpetuating existing inequalities. Though some dignitaries were visibly unsettled by our action, Dr. Singh listened intently, acknowledged our concerns, and promised to revisit the issue. He then passed the booklet to his Principal Secretary, urging further discussions in Delhi. The booklet, which we handed to the Prime Minister, was published by J&K SIDCO. Upon learning of our action, the then Managing Director of SIDCO called me to express his displeasure, fearing the negative repercussions it might have on him, FCIK, and the entire industrial community in the region. However, Dr. Singh was never driven by revenge or malice. He respected diverse forms of protest, understanding that each method of resistance held its own significance. His approach to conflict was one of thoughtful, peaceful resistance, emphasizing the importance of dialogue while respecting the right to protest in all forms. As a result of our unique protest, the Prime Minister directed that a review of the industrial packages for Jammu and Kashmir and the North East be included as an additional task for the Task Force on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which was under constitution on the representation of MSME associations. Chaired by his Principal Secretary, T.K.A. Nair, the Task Force was set to focus on addressing key issues such as credit, marketing, labour, rehabilitation, exit policy, infrastructure, technology, skill development and taxation. As President of FCIK, I was appointed a member of the group, alongside Anil Goswami, the then Principal Secretary of Industries and Commerce in Jammu and Kashmir. Under T.K.A. Nair’s leadership, our team worked closely to identify policy bottlenecks and propose measures for the Prime Minister’s approval. Over time, the task force successfully realigned the policy, making it more inclusive and responsive to the diverse needs of various regions, especially Jammu and Kashmir. This revised framework supported existing industries and was harmonized with policies aimed at the North Eastern states, ensuring no disparities. One significant achievement of the Task Force was the approval of a corpus fund for the revival of sick industries and the allocation of grant-in-aid for the Jammu and Kashmir State Financial Corporation (J&KSFC). While these initiatives were announced with much anticipation, their implementation was delayed due to bureaucratic hurdles. Nevertheless, Dr. Singh’s vision for an inclusive policy remains a testament to his commitment to equitable development for all regions. In August 2010, while traveling from Anantnag to Srinagar, I received a call from a close friend informing me that Dr. Manmohan Singh, in a televised message, had announced the formation of a high-level expert group to develop a jobs plan for Jammu and Kashmir. The group, headed by former RBI Governor C. Rangarajan, was tasked with improving the “employability” of youth in the state. To my surprise, my name was included in the 6-member group. In his message, Dr. Singh said, “I am proposing to set up an Expert Group headed by Dr. C. Rangarajan, with N. R. Narayana Murthy, Tarun Das, P. Nanda Kumar, Shakeel Qalander, and an official representative of the J&K Government, to formulate a Jobs Plan for the State, involving both the public and private sectors.” The announcement came amidst significant unrest in the valley, and I was initially taken aback. I had neither been consulted nor given the opportunity to consent before the announcement. Later, I learned that the decision had been made at the recommendation of Chief Minister Omar Abdullah, who trusted my data-based approach over others. The composition of the group, which apart from Economic Advisor Dr. C. Rangarajan included highly respected individuals such as Infosys founder N.R Narayana Murthy, former CII Patron Tarun Das, former Agriculture Secretary Nanda Kumar, former Chief Secretary and B.B Vyas, made me feel privileged to be part of it. It was an opportunity to contribute to measures aimed at improving the prospects of youth in Jammu and Kashmir. During our meetings, we deliberated on various ideas to address the challenges faced by J&K youth in accessing quality education. One key proposal I put forward was the creation of supernumerary seats in educational institutions across India for J&K students. This initiative aimed to create additional opportunities in medical, engineering, and other professional courses, addressing the barriers to higher education. While most of the group supported the proposal in principle, the Chairman assured us it would be discussed further with the Prime Minister before a final decision was made. In addition to this, the group focused on skill development. N. R Narayan Murthy suggested partnering with multinational companies to provide training programs for J&K youth, with opportunities for employment afterward, through a public-private partnership model. As part of our efforts, Dr. Rangarajan arranged a meeting with Dr. Singh which lasted for more than one and a half hours during which we were served with high tea and snacks. At the meeting, Dr. Rangarajan presented the various initiatives under consideration, and it was then that Mr. Murthy mentioned my proposal regarding educational opportunities for J&K youth. When it was my turn, I explained the idea of allocating supernumerary seats for J&K students in medical, engineering, and other colleges across India for a period of 10 years. We discussed the proposal for a long time, with Dr. Singh asking several important questions about implementation. Other members contributed to the discussion, and Dr. Singh was convinced of its merit. However, he suggested we consult with Kapil Sibal, the Minister of Human Resource Development, to gather his perspective before proceeding. Unfortunately when the proposal was discussed with Mr. Sibal, he raised concerns that other states and union territories might request similar schemes, leading to complications for the central government. Although the supernumerary seats proposal was not approved, Dr. Singh responded positively by introducing alternative initiatives. Under his leadership, the government launched scholarship programs under the SSS scheme and skill development programs such as Udaan and Himayat. These initiatives have provided invaluable opportunities for young people in the region, equipping them with the skills necessary to pursue meaningful careers. I had the privilege of meeting Dr. Singh many more times, both during and after his tenure as Prime Minister. His governance was always centered on inclusivity, believing that no region, community, or individual should be left behind in India’s growth. His leadership during economic reforms was guided by the belief that policies must create equal opportunities for all, not just the privileged few. Dr. Singh’s vision and wisdom shaped every decision he made. His ability to listen to people from all regions and understand their concerns was extraordinary. He never allowed any community’s challenges to be sidelined in national policy. As we bid farewell to this great statesman, I remember his unwavering commitment to uplifting all people, regardless of their background. His belief in inclusive development was not just a political slogan but a guiding principle that transformed lives. Dr. Singh’s legacy will continue to inspire future leaders. His approach to economic policy, focused on equity, opportunity, and fairness, remains a model for all. I am deeply grateful for the opportunity to have worked with him and for the lasting impact he had on the people of Jammu and Kashmir and the entire nation. Rest in peace, Dr. Manmohan Singh. Your leadership will continue to inspire us all for generations to come. Syed Shakeel Qalander, Social Activist and Former President, Federation of Chamber of Industries of Kashmir

The Kansas City Chiefs and Detroit Lions became the first two NFL teams to reach 10 wins in Week 12's early-afternoon window. The Chiefs survived an upset bid from the Carolina Panthers to keep their spot atop the AFC standings. Detroit's day was a bit different, as it blew past the Indianapolis Colts to keep its edge in the NFC. Not all teams in playoff spots avoided upsets, though, as the Washington Commanders and Houston Texans went down. Washington and Houston did not drop out of their playoff positions yet, but the results at least allowed some chasing teams to potentially gain ground. Division Leaders 1. Kansas City (10-1) 2. Buffalo (9-2) 3. Pittsburgh (8-3) 4. Houston (7-5) Wild-Card Race 5. Los Angeles Chargers (7-3) 6. Baltimore (7-4) 7. Denver (6-5) 8. Miami (5-6) 9. Indianapolis (5-7) 10. Cincinnati (4-7) 11. Cleveland (3-8) 12. New York Jets (3-8) 13. Tennessee (3-8) 14. New England (3-9) 15. Las Vegas (2-8) 16. Jacksonville (2-9) Kansas City avoided an unexpected slip-up with a last-minute with over Carolina to become the first AFC team to reach 10 wins. The Chiefs are still a full game ahead of the Buffalo Bills for home-field advantage. The long-time rivals are the only likely contenders for the No. 1 overall seed. The Pittsburgh Steelers and Houston Texans each lost in Week 12 to drop further away from the Chiefs. Pittsburgh's primary concern has to be the AFC North title because it is only a game in front of the Baltimore Ravens. The gap can drop to a half-game if the Ravens beat the Los Angeles Chargers on Monday night. Houston is still comfortably in front in the AFC South since it has a two-game lead and two head-to-head wins over the Indianapolis Colts. The Colts fell to 5-7 with a loss to the Lions, but they are still in the mix for the final wild-card spot. Both the Colts and Miami Dolphins have five wins and they will be rooting for the Las Vegas Raiders to upset the Denver Broncos in the late-afternoon window. Conversely, a Denver victory would put three seven-win teams in the wild-card places and it would force Miami and Indianapolis to be near-perfect down the stretch. Division Leaders 1. Detroit (10-1) 2. Philadelphia (8-2) 3. Arizona (6-4) 4. Atlanta (6-5) Wild-Card Race 5. Minnesota (9-2) 6. Green Bay (7-3) 7. Washington (7-5) 8. Los Angeles Rams (5-5) 9. Seattle (5-5) 10. San Francisco (5-5) 11. Tampa Bay (5-6) 12. New Orleans (4-7) 13. Chicago (4-7) 14. Dallas (4-7) 15. Carolina (3-8) 16. New York Giants (2-9) Detroit continued to cruise with its win over the Colts. The Lions are 10-1, but they only have a one-game edge in the NFC North over the Vikings, who eked out an overtime win over the Bears. Detroit owns the head-to-head tiebreaker over Minnesota and the two teams do not meet again until Week 18 at Ford Field. The Eagles can join the Lions and Vikings in the group of teams with nine or 10 wins if they beat the Los Angeles Rams on Sunday night. Philadelphia already picked up an edge in the NFC East on Sunday afternoon due to the Washington Commanders' loss to the Dallas Cowboys. The Eagles are three games ahead of the Commanders in the loss column right now. The Rams need a Sunday night win to take advantage of Washington's loss in the wild-card race. The Commanders are two games up in the win column over the Rams, Seahawks and 49ers at the moment. All three of those teams could win in the late-afternoon and night windows to make the gap smaller.Two CMFRI scientists earn prestigious NAAS recognition

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