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As It Happens 6:13 What can parasite eggs preserved in Medieval poop tell us about human history? Most people don't get excited about intestinal parasite eggs preserved in 500-year-old human feces. But Marissa Ledger isn't like most people. "A lot of my research is focused on actually studying ancient poo, or ancient fecal material, as I sometimes try to say to put it nicely," she told As It Happens host Nil Kӧksal. Ledger is a biological anthropologist, working as post-doctoral fellow at McMaster University's Ancient DNA Centre in Hamilton, Ont. So when archaeologists in Belgium started digging into the remnants of a medieval latrine in Bruges, they knew who to call. Now, she and her Belgian colleagues have found thousands of parasitic eggs in the toilet of yore — including one that came all the way from Africa. Their findings, published in the journal Parasitology , sheds light on the robust trade networks and day-to-day life of the medieval period, and helps scientists understand the spread of diseases, both then and now. 1 gram of fecal matter is all you need The latrine was a part of a building known as the Spanish nation house in Bruges, a city heavily involved in international trade and home to people from all over the world. The house would have been home to Spanish traders who were active in the city mostly from the late 15th century onwards. The latrine was first discovered during excavations in 1996, but its contents are only now being studied, due to modern technology. As It Happens Doctors have nearly eradicated a 'terrifying' disease — without a cure or vaccine Brain surgeons went looking for a tumour — but found a tapeworm instead Ledger's job was to examine samples of soil from the latrine which is, in fact, preserved fecal material. Within just one gram of the soil, she found thousands of parasitic eggs. "That tells us .... there are a number of different people who used that washroom in that house who were infected with different parasites," Ledger said. "People living in the city were getting parasites within Bruges, and that was probably a normal occurrence.... But they were also getting parasites from farther abroad as well." The 'cool' thing about parasites That, she says, is proven by the presence of Schistosoma mansoni, a water-borne parasitic flatworm that enters the body through the skin and takes up residence in the intestines, where it lays eggs. This parasite is predominantly found in Africa where it originated, and more recently in South America, likely the result of the Atlantic slave trade. "It's very exciting to see this parasite somewhere where it shouldn't be," she said. "It tells us [Bruges] had a link to Africa at that time." That, she says, is the "cool" thing about parasites: they paint a picture of human migration unfolding throughout history. The parasite egg of Schistosoma mansoni was discovered in the Spanish nation house's latrine. (Marissa Ledger/McMaster University) But there's nothing cool about schistosomiasis , the disease caused by the parasite which, according to the World Health Organization , can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, kidney damage and in some rare cases, death. Ledger says understanding the movement of parasites and diseases throughout history can help doctors treat and prevent them today. "Understanding how humans have changed how those parasites have been spread around, and how we've impacted their predominance through time, gives us some idea [of how] we control them from a public health strategy," she said. Medieval friars had fresh food and clean water. So why were they riddled with gut parasites? Archeologists find trove of medieval artifacts in 'absolutely gargantuan' cesspit Kirsten Bos, a physical anthropologist who studies ancient DNA and infectious disease and was not involved in the study, says the disease likely didn't spread within Belgium once it arrived there 500 years ago. That's because Schistosoma mansoni needs two hosts to complete its life cycle: humans, where it undergoes sexual reproduction, and freshwater snails, which allow it to transmit through water. "Someone in Bruges had the infection and shed the parasite. But without the snail, I don't think this caused any public health issue," Bos, of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, said. "But I guess the traveller might have had a rough trip." Archeology about more than clay pots It's not clear how exactly the parasite ended up on Belgium. It could have been a Spanish trader bringing gold dust, ivory and spices from Africa. It also could have been from someone connected to the Atlantic slave trade. Or it could have originated with an African visitor. The study notes the first documentation of an African person in Bruges dates back to 1440. Co-author Maxime Poulain, an archaeologist at Ghent University in Belgium, says the findings are an example of the complexity of life in a medieval city. "It not only gives a new insight into the daily lives of people in medieval Bruges, but also shows how the city — as an international hub for people, goods and ideas — inevitably provided for the spread of diseases," he said in a university press release. It's an area of study that's ripe for more exploration, added co-author Koen Deforce, a Ghent archaeobotanist. "'Whereas the focus used to be on studying objects made of clay and metal, we are now increasingly looking at organic material to learn more about the diet, health, hygiene and mobility of past populations," he said. In fact, this isn't the only study to examine the remnants of ancient toilets. Just last year, researchers found traces of dysentery-causing parasites in the cesspits below 2,500-year-old stone toilets excavated in Jerusalem. One of the authors of that study, University of Cambridge biological anthropologist Piers Mitchell, lauded this latest finding in Belgium. Ledger is his former PhD student. "The discovery shows that those involved in long distance trade between Africa and the Low Countries during the 15th century took their parasites with them on their journeys," he said in an email.The Memo: Social media sympathy for killing of health insurance CEO sparks pushbackChess grandmaster Magnus Carlsen returns to a tournament after a dispute over jeans is resolvedTexas Attorney General Ken Paxton has filed a lawsuit against a doctor in the state of New York alleging the doctor prescribed abortion medication to a woman in Texas therefore violating the state’s strict anti-abortion law. In the first-of-its-kind lawsuit, Paxton is testing the bounds of conflicting state abortion laws by pursuing litigation against a doctor in New York – where shield laws protect providers from out-of-state investigations and prosecutions. The 11-page lawsuit, filed in Collin County, Texas , alleges Dr. Margaret Carpenter illegally prescribed the abortion medications mifepristone and misoprostol via telehealth to a 20-year-old woman in Collins County. The lawsuit claims the 20-year-old woman sought and took the medications without informing the father of the fetus when she was nine weeks pregnant. But he later found out about the medication abortion after the woman had to be taken to the hospital for severe bleeding. Paxton alleges Carpenter was not permitted to prescribe the medication via telehealth because she is not a licensed physician in Texas and state law only allows for abortion when the patient’s life is at risk or there is a “serious risk of substantial impairment of a major bodily function.” The Texas AG claims Carpenter has seen multiple patients in Texas and has done this. Carpenter is the co-founder and co-medical director of Abortion Coalition for Telemedicine , a clinic that provides “telemedicine abortion care to patients in all 50 states.” Her biography says she has worked in reproductive health for years, volunteering with Planned Parenthood and providing medical and surgical abortions since 1999. The Independent has asked Abortion Coalition for Telemedicine for comment. “Carpenter’s knowing and continuing violations of Texas law places women and unborn children in Texas at risk,” Paxton argued. Paxton is asking the Texas court to prevent Carpenter from practicing telehealth in the state and impose a $100,000 fine for each violation. But it’s unclear how far the lawsuit can go given New York’s law protects providers from out-of-state lawsuits like this by refusing to order a defendant, like Carpenter, to comply with extradition, arrest and legal proceedings in other states The state’s shield law also gives prescribers who are sued the ability to countersue to recover damages. Paxton has relentlessly pursued litigation against those who provide or seek abortion in the state. He sent threatening letters to medical providers in 2023 after a woman named Kate Cox got explicit permission to obtain a medically necessary abortion. His lawsuit, of course, has only arisen because the Supreme Court overturned the landmark abortion case Roe v. Wade in 2022. Roe made abortion a federal right – preventing each state from outright banning it. But now, with each state responsible for creating its own law, immense legal and social conflict has arisen. One way those living in states with strict abortion bans, like Texas, have skirted around rules is by using telehealth to obtain abortion medication. But lawsuits like this and others risk the availability of it.f-777 seven seas 1 hour 。

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iPhone 15 Pro Max Hits Lowest Price on Amazon – CheckPISCATAWAY, N.J. (AP) — Luke Altmyer found Pat Bryant for a catch-and-run, 40-yard touchdown pass with 4 seconds left, sending No. 24 Illinois to a wild 38-31 victory over Rutgers on Saturday. Illinois (8-3, 5-3 Big Ten) was down 31-30 when it sent long kicker Ethan Moczulski out for a desperation 58-yard field goal with 14 seconds to go. Rutgers coach Greg Schiano then called for a timeout right before Moczulski’s attempt was wide left and about 15 yards short. After the missed field goal was waved off by the timeout, Illinois coach Bret Bielema sent his offense back on the field. Altmyer hit Bryant on an in cut on the left side at the 22, and he continued across the field and scored untouched in a game that featured three lead changes in the final 3:07. Rutgers (6-5, 3-5) gave up a safety on the final kickoff return, throwing a ball out of bounds in the end zone as players passed it around hoping for a miracle touchdown. ___ AP college football: and Tom Canavan, The Associated Press

Shares of GoviEx Uranium Inc. ( CVE:GXU – Get Free Report ) hit a new 52-week low during mid-day trading on Friday . The stock traded as low as C$0.05 and last traded at C$0.05, with a volume of 926180 shares changing hands. The stock had previously closed at C$0.05. GoviEx Uranium Stock Performance The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.40, a current ratio of 3.16 and a quick ratio of 0.62. The business has a fifty day moving average of C$0.06 and a 200-day moving average of C$0.07. The stock has a market capitalization of C$36.57 million, a price-to-earnings ratio of -0.32 and a beta of 1.50. About GoviEx Uranium ( Get Free Report ) GoviEx Uranium Inc, a mineral resources company, engages in the acquisition, exploration, and development of uranium properties in Africa. The company's principal asset is the Madaouela project which holds 80% interest located in north-central Niger. It also owns 100% interest in the Muntanga project that consists of 3 mining licenses situated to the south of Lusaka, Zambia; and the Falea project, which consists of three exploration licenses located in Mali. Further Reading Receive News & Ratings for GoviEx Uranium Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for GoviEx Uranium and related companies with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter .

China unveils prototype of world's fastest train, capable of reaching 450 km/hDanville defensive ends terrorize Eagles

No. 2 Ohio State takes control in the 2nd half and runs over No. 5 Indiana 38-15

Sri Lanka’s book industry has renewed its call for books to be exempt from tax, with four industry bodies submitting a proposal to the new government for inclusion in the next national budget. Urging the government to consider the financial as well as social ramifications of taxing sources of knowledge and learning, these associations representing publishers, writers, retailers, importers and exporters have called for books to be returned to the list of items exempt from tax, as was the case before 1st January 2024. In their proposal, the four associations pointed out that with all inputs for the publishing industry with the exception of local labour being imported, Sri Lanka’s book industry is already taxed at 33.045%, and the imposition of a value-added tax (VAT) of 18% at the point of sale has made books unaffordable to many, and is putting small-scale publishers out of business. Addressing media at a news conference, Sri Lanka Book Publishers Association (SLBPA) President Samantha Indeewara pointed out that representatives of the new government while in the parliamentary opposition had criticised the imposition of VAT on books, and had the government of that time to reverse this. “We are therefore cautiously optimistic that the concerns of the book industry would be addressed in the next budget,” he said. “We have brought to the government’s attention the numerous anomalies affecting the industry that are directly attributable to the imposition of VAT on books,” he said. “This includes the fact that the majority of publishing companies are not eligible to pay VAT, and therefore are unable to deduct the VAT they pay on inputs for locally produced books, or the VAT they pay on the imports,” Indeewara elaborated, disclosing that only about 12 large publishing and printing companies are eligible to pay VAT on their sales and can therefore deduct the VAT they pay on inputs. However, many of the smaller publishers sell their books via the bookshops and distribution networks of the large companies, and the imposition of VAT results in all of their books being taxed, he said. Another matter of serious concern is that by imposing taxes on books, Sri Lanka continues to be in violation of the UNESCO Florence Agreement of 1950, to which the country was an early signatory and continues to be a Contracting State. The UNESCO Florence Agreement is a treaty that binds Contracting States to not impose customs duties and taxes on certain educational, scientific, and cultural materials that are imported.

"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum." Section 1.10.32 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum", written by Cicero in 45 BC "Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?" 1914 translation by H. Rackham "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" 1914 translation by H. Rackham "But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?" To keep reading, please log in to your account, create a free account, or simply fill out the form below.The Philippine vice president publicly threatens to have the President assassinatedAlex Enumah in Abuja A financial expert, Dr. Kingsley Chibuzor has warned against the approval of cryptocurrency in Nigeria, stressing that its usage would contravene Nigeria’s existing financial regulations. This was just as he declared support for the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN’s) decision to prioritise the eNaira over decentralised cryptocurrencies. Aguoru, who is an expert in technology and digital security with extensive experience in financial systems, including the development of the 3WiDentity authentication system, emphasised that the eNaira offers a safer and more reliable digital currency option for Nigerians. Speaking with journalists in Abuja, Aguoru noted that unlike traditional currencies, cryptocurrencies are not backed by any government authority, which introduces unique financial risks. He said that the eNaira, by contrast, is backed and regulated by the CBN, and provides Nigerians with a digital currency that aligns with national financial standards and ensures stability. “The eNaira functions as a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), which provides Nigerians with the benefits of digital payments while adhering to regulatory frameworks. Its value is pegged to the naira, making it a stable and secure means of transaction,” Aguoru explained. According to him, cryptocurrencies, though innovative, exhibit high volatility and unpredictable value swings, adding that Bitcoin and other decentralised currencies have demonstrated price fluctuations that limit their effectiveness as a reliable store of value. While highlighting critical challenges in using cryptocurrencies as a standard currency, he argued that effective currency must function as a store of value, a unit of account, and a medium of exchange. “In order for a currency to fulfil these functions, it must have a stable value, consistent pricing metrics, and facilitate efficient transactions. Cryptocurrencies struggle to meet these standards,” Dr. Aguoru stated However, Aguoru acknowledged that one significant reason why many Nigerians are turning to cryptocurrencies is the perception of the Nigerian naira as an isolated currency, observing that at present, it is challenging for Nigerians to move funds directly from naira to other currencies and across borders, with many encountering difficulties in making transactions to Europe, the Americas, or even other African countries. He noted that this restriction, while protecting Nigeria from some sophisticated international fraud schemes, also limits financial flexibility and ease of cross-border transactions. Aguoru is a UK Chartered Engineer, certified European Engineer by FEANI, and an expert in Information Security with a keen focus on security of financial services and payment systems. Having both a BSc Business Computing from Teesside University UK, Master of Science in Information Security from University of Liverpool, and Doctor of Information Security from the University of East London. With over 20 years of experience in software engineering and cybersecurity, Aguoru has become an advocate for strengthening Nigeria’s financial regulatory infrastructure. Recently, he submitted a petition to the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), highlighting the need for an independent regulatory body to supervise Nigeria’s financial market infrastructure and payment systems.

#16to365: New resources for year-round activism to end gender-based violence and strengthen bodily autonomy for allNEW YORK (AP) — Top-ranked chess player Magnus Carlsen is headed back to the World Blitz Championship on Monday after its governing body agreed to loosen a dress code that got him fined and denied a late-round game in another tournament for refusing to change out of jeans . Lamenting the contretemps, International Chess Federation President Arkady Dvorkovich said in a statement Sunday that he'd let World Blitz Championship tournament officials consider allowing “appropriate jeans” with a jacket, and other “elegant minor deviations” from the dress code. He said Carlsen's stand — which culminated in his quitting the tournament Friday — highlighted a need for more discussion “to ensure that our rules and their application reflect the evolving nature of chess as a global and accessible sport.” Carlsen, meanwhile, said in a video posted Sunday on social media that he would play — and wear jeans — in the World Blitz Championship when it begins Monday. “I think the situation was badly mishandled on their side,” the 34-year-old Norwegian grandmaster said. But he added that he loves playing blitz — a fast-paced form of chess — and wanted fans to be able to watch, and that he was encouraged by his discussions with the federation after Friday's showdown. “I think we sort of all want the same thing,” he suggested in the video on his Take Take Take chess app’s YouTube channel. “We want the players to be comfortable, sure, but also relatively presentable.” The events began when Carlsen wore jeans and a sportcoat Friday to the Rapid World Championship, which is separate from but held in conjunction with the blitz event. The chess federation said Friday that longstanding rules prohibit jeans at those tournaments, and players are lodged nearby to make sartorial switch-ups easy if needed. An official fined Carlsen $200 and asked him to change pants, but he refused and wasn't paired for a ninth-round game, the federation said at the time. The organization noted that another grandmaster, Ian Nepomniachtchi, was fined earlier in the day for wearing sports shoes, changed and continued to play. Carlsen has said that he offered to wear something else the next day, but officials were unyielding. He said “it became a bit of a matter of principle,” so he quit the rapid and blitz championships. In the video posted Sunday, he questioned whether he had indeed broken a rule and said changing clothes would have needlessly interrupted his concentration between games. He called the punishment “unbelievably harsh.” “Of course, I could have changed. Obviously, I didn’t want to,” he said, and “I stand by that.”

Chess Grandmaster Magnus Carlsen Returns to a Tournament After a Dispute Over Jeans Is Resolved

BOSTON (AP) — Forty years ago, Heisman Trophy winner Doug Flutie rolled to his right and threw a pass that has become one of college football’s most iconic moments. With Boston College trailing defending champion Miami, Flutie threw the Hail Mary and found receiver Gerard Phalen , who made the grab while falling into the end zone behind a pair of defenders for a game-winning 48-yard TD. Flutie and many of his 1984 teammates were honored on the field during BC’s 41-21 victory over North Carolina before the second quarter on Saturday afternoon, the anniversary of the Eagles’ Miracle in Miami. “There’s no way its been 40 years,” Flutie told The Associated Press on the sideline a few minutes before he walked out with some of his former teammates to be recognized after a video of The Play was shown on the scoreboards. It’s a moment and highlight that’s not only played throughout decades of BC students and fans, but around the college football world. “What is really so humbling is that the kids 40 years later are wearing 22 jerseys, still,” Flutie said of his old number. “That amazes me.” That game was played on national TV the Friday after Thanksgiving. The ironic thing is it was originally scheduled for earlier in the season before CBS paid Rutgers to move its game against Miami, thus setting up the BC-Miami post-holiday matchup. “It shows you how random some things are, that the game was moved,” Flutie said. “The game got moved to the Friday after Thanksgiving, which was the most watched game of the year. We both end up being nationally ranked and up there. All those things lent to how big the game itself was, and made the pass and the catch that much more relevant and remembered because so many people were watching.” There’s a statue of Flutie winding up to make The Pass outside the north gates at Alumni Stadium. Fans and visitors can often be seen taking photos there. “In casual conversation, it comes up every day,” Flutie said, when asked how many times people bring it up. “It brings a smile to my face every time we talk about it.” A week after the game-ending Flutie pass, the Eagles beat Holy Cross and before he flew off to New York to accept the Heisman. They went on to win the 49th Cotton Bowl on New Year’s Day. “Forty years seem almost like incomprehensible,” said Phalen, also standing on the sideline a few minutes after the game started. “I always say to Doug: ‘Thank God for social media. It’s kept it alive for us.”’ Earlier this week, current BC coach Bill O’Brien, 55, was asked if he remembered where he was 40 years ago. “We were eating Thanksgiving leftovers in my family room,” he said. “My mom was saying a Rosary in the kitchen because she didn’t like Miami and wanted BC to win. My dad, my brother and I were watching the game. “It was unbelievable,” he said. “Everybody remembers where they were for the Hail Mary, Flutie pass.” Get poll alerts and updates on the AP Top 25 throughout the season. Sign up here . AP college football: https://apnews.com/hub/ap-top-25-college-football-poll and https://apnews.com/hub/college-football