Abdur Rehman Pakistan, predominantly a Muslim country, has a rich history and heritage of many other religions, such as Hinduism, Sikhism, and Buddhism. Among these religions, Buddhism left a rich archaeological and civilisational heritage. Buddha was born in present-day southern Nepal. He travelled through the subcontinent and visited present-day Pakistan during his meditation journey. Consequently, Buddhism flourished in present-day Pakistan, spanning over a millennium. This period left a rich heritage in Pakistan, including philosophy, art, culture, architecture and stupas. This heritage spreads from northern Pakistan to southern Afghanistan. This insight explores how Pakistan’s Buddhist heritage can bridge peace and harmony between Pakistan and Buddhist nations. Buddhism thrived in the Gandhara region, which now encompasses modern-day Peshawar, Swat, and Taxila, from the 2nd century BC to the 8th century AD. This era saw the birth of a remarkable cultural legacy, evident in its architecture and a unique blend of Buddhist and Greek elements. The ruins of Takht-i-Bahi in Swat, dating back to the 1st century (Figure 1), and the Buddhist statues at the Lahore Fort, which contains Buddhist carvings and inscriptions, are a testament to this fascinating blend. The archaeological sites at Taxila further enrich this cultural tapestry. Buddhism is the fourth-largest religion and dominant religion in at least eight countries. Seven countries have more than fifty per cent Buddhist population, which include Cambodia (96%), Thailand (92%), Myanmar (79.8%), Bhutan (75%), Sri Lanka (70%), Laos (66.8%) and Mongolia (53%). According to a Gallup survey 2016, around 58 million Buddhist pilgrims want to visit religious sites. Out of these 58 million, five per cent want to visit Pakistan, which is almost 2.9 million people who want to visit Pakistan. However, according to the foreign ministry, only 1500 people visit Buddhist sites in Pakistan annually. The economic potential of these heritage sites is substantial. In 2022, the World Bank reported that Pakistan attracted US$16 billion in tourist spending, which can reach US$30 billion by 2033. It generated a revenue of US$3.7 billion in 2024, and US$5.533 billion in revenue is expected by 2029. According to Business Recorder, only these Buddhist pilgrims have the potential to generate US$900 million to US$1.3 billion annually. Figure 3 shows the annual expected revenue growth in the tourism industry in Pakistan (including religious tourism). Business Recorder has also claimed that Pakistan can almost double its revenue from tourism. Tourism contributes about 10% to the GDP and employs one in ten people worldwide. However, in 2022, the travel and tourism sector contributed 5.9% to Pakistan’s GDP. The restoration of damaged sites and infrastructure development are necessary to attract tourism. In this regard, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Government has taken many initiatives, like the restoration of the Landi Kotal Stupa and a master plan to restore and preserve Takht-i-Bahi. The government is also working on digitally preserving these stupas and sites in 3D virtual form in collaboration with the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS). However, these efforts only preserve the heritage; its marketing to attract tourists must be further enhanced. Promoting Pakistan’s religious tourism sites has remained absent from the country’s social and electronic media due to content creation on more commercially viable niches generating engagement and advertising revenue. It needs a comprehensive strategy. Uxi Mufti observes that religious tourism sites often fail to attract influencers’ attention despite their cultural and historical significance due to their perceived limited monetary potential. To attract more tourists, Pakistan needs to follow a comprehensive strategy. *Pakistan can leverage social media influencers from Buddhist-majority countries to promote its Buddhist heritage by collaborating with content creators in their native languages, such as Chinese influencers sharing in Mandarin clips. *Pakistan can also collaborate with domestic and international television and film industries by incorporating Buddhist stories and showcasing archaeological sites and present-day locations. *The Government needs to develop modern accommodation facilities near these sites, install multilingual signage and information boards to cater to diverse tourists and train local guides. Pakistan can develop a comprehensive public-private partnership approach to promote Buddhist heritage tourism. By integrating government resources with private sector innovations like digital mapping, augmented reality, venture capital investments, cross-border tourism strategies, and multimedia storytelling, the country can transform historical sites into economically viable destinations that attract diverse audiences through sophisticated technological and marketing approaches. Writer can be reached at muhammadar3488@gmail.comSudan's war is 'deepening and widening' a famine crisis, hunger monitoring report says
2024 marked a watershed year for the US autonomous vehicle industry with the ride-hailing market also experiencing a fresh boost after a slowdown in 2022 and 2023. Advertisement According to Straits Research, the global autonomous vehicle market size was pegged at $23.36 billion in 2024, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.1% during 2025 and 2033 to reach $65.30 by 2033. Advertisement Europe, with strong government support and increasing demand for AVs led the pack among countries worldwide, with Germany and the UK particularly standing out. Europe was followed by North America, where, apart from favourable government policies, the presence of industry leaders is expected to provide an impetus to demand in the coming years. According to Autonomous Vehicle Pilots Across America, over 50% of US cities are preparing to develop their roads for self-driving vehicles. takes a look at all the major developments that the industry leaders underwent in the last year, and what lies ahead for them in 2025. Waymo emerges as the frontrunner in robotaxi services Alphabet-owned Waymo emerged as the frontrunner in the autonomous driving industry as the company announced an investment of $5 billion into the self-driving startup. Waymo unveiled its sixth-generation Waymo Driver system and with 800 self-driving vehicles in operation currently in California and Phoenix, Waymo became the only AV company to be collecting fares in the US. In 2025, the company will expand its robotaxi services to Austin, Atlanta, and Miami, with rides available via the Uber app. The company also announced its first international foray in Tokyo, with a start made by collaborating with Japan-based taxi operator Nihon Kotsu. It will commence test rides in early 2025. It has also partnered with Hyundai in October for the integration of Hyundai’s Ioniq 5 SUV into the AV startup’s fleet of vehicles. The Waymo Ioniq 5s will also begin testing by late 2025. According to a , Waymo co-CEOs Tekedra Mawakana and Dmitri Dolgov, told employees at an all-hands meeting in November that they should scale up as aggressively as possible but do so with safety at the forefront of all their efforts. Therefore, simultaneously, to assure the public of safety in its service, the company has developed a large public affairs operation, published more detailed safety reports in 2024, and is working closely with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, first responders and authorities in the cities where it operates. Will Tesla finally deliver on its AV promises in 2025? While Waymo has made strides towards commercialisation and mainstream adoption, Tesla still lags behind. Tesla’s robotaxi promises remained unfulfilled in 2024, even though Tesla CEO Elon Musk did reveal the look and feel of the company’s “dedicated robotaxi” in October. Called Cybercab, the company plans to produce the robotaxi by 2027. At the same event, Tesla also unveiled the ‘Robovan’, its autonomous bus, however, despite these innovations, Tesla has not yet obtained permits for commercial robotaxi services in key US markets. While bullish investors say Tesla will deliver on its driverless technology promises as early as next year, looking at Tesla’s missed deadlines on robotaxis, critics have their doubts. Musk, on the other hand has attributed the delays to US regulations. Current regulations cap the number of self-driving vehicles a manufacturer can deploy at 2,500 annually under special exemptions. Efforts to increase that limit to 100,000 have repeatedly failed in Congress due to legislative gridlock. On a Tesla earnings call on Oct. 23, Musk said he would use his sway with now President-elect Donald Trump to establish a “federal approval process for autonomous vehicles.” Separately, after the US elections on November 18, that Trump’s transition team had signalled plans to prioritise the development of a federal framework for fully autonomous vehicles. Tesla’s stock reacted positively to the news, surging over 5% on trading platforms like Robinhood in what can be seen as a signal for the road ahead for Tesla with Trump in power. However, in a for Internet and Society, AV policy expert Bryant Walker Smith has rejected the idea that regulatory hurdles have curtailed the robotaxi business. “AVs can be — and in fact are — lawfully deployed and regulated under existing federal statutory law,” he said, highlighting Waymo’s example. How Zoox’s unique approach shows promise Amazon-backed Zoox has shown promise with its self-driving shuttles. These vehicles, described as “toasters on wheels,” lack a steering wheel or driver’s seat and feature inward-facing seats, making them ideal for urban environments. In 2024, Zoox secured permits to carry passengers in Foster City, California, expanding to Las Vegas and San Francisco through its Zoox Explorers program. According to CNBC, in March, the company expanded the environmental conditions its AVs can handle on public roads to include “nighttime driving, driving under light rain and damp road conditions, and at speeds up to 45 mph. The company’s leadership, including CEO Aicha Evans, has focused on scaling operations while maintaining safety standards. Zoox is now aiming to offer free rides to a wider group of the general public early next year, before opening up to paying customers and the general public, CNBC said. The service will start in Las Vegas and expand to San Francisco, the company told CNBC. It will begin with an early rider program called Zoox Explorers, allowing select users to ride in a Zoox for free and provide feedback. A recent hire, Zheng Gao, formerly Tesla’s autopilot hardware lead, signals Zoox’s commitment to attracting top talent. GM’s withdrawal from the AV sector stunned industry Despite growing demand for robotaxi services in the US, GM stunned industry observers by announcing its withdrawal from the sector earlier this month. “Cruise was making great progress in the robotaxi space, but deploying a fleet involves significant operational complexities,” GM CEO Mary Barra explained during a call detailing the strategic shift. The Detroit-based automaker will now concentrate on developing “personal autonomous vehicles” rather than pursuing robotaxi ventures. GM has not yet disclosed how many of Cruise’s 2,300 employees will transition to its broader technology team. Cruise founder Kyle Vogt, who sold the company to GM in 2016 and departed in late 2023, criticized the decision on X, writing, “If it wasn’t obvious before, it is now: GM doesn’t get it.” The road ahead for autonomous vehicles In 2024, though the AV industry overall still faced a lack of sufficient capital to support technology, investment announcements like Alphabet’s added a milestone. S&P Global Mobility’s September 2024 describes sales of autonomous vehicles growing slowly in the US. According to S&P Global Mobility’s September 2024 Autonomy forecasts, in 2034, sales of autonomous light vehicles in the US is forecasted to reach about 230,000 autonomous mobility-as-a-service units, suggesting a market share of less than 1.5% per year a decade from now. In mainland China, development is progressing more quickly. In that market, S&P forecasts potentially 1.5 million autonomous vehicles sold in the country in 2034, or about 5% of light-vehicle sales. Europe is expected to advance more slowly than the US, however, with sales beginning later than either the US or mainland China and rising to only 37,000 units in 2034. “Will autonomous vehicle technology prove to be as elusive as a strong hydrogen economy, something for which scale deployment seems perpetually 15 to 20 years in the future? Investment and expansion in 2024 are encouraging in the US market, but challenges remain,”Kargil, Dec 24: In the mountain desert of Ladakh, water has long been a valued and scarce resource. People in Ladakh rely almost entirely on glacial and permafrost melt for water. However, in recent years, due to rapidly receding glaciers, water shortages in Ladakh have become more severe. In years to come, experts expect this problem to worsen. Despite this issue, Ladakhis continue to innovate and adapt to the harsh and changing climate. Artificial glaciers (Ice stupas) are one example of this innovation. People in several areas of Kargil and Leh districts in Ladakh have started creating Artificial glaciers in many areas to overcome water scarcity in summers. The people of several far off and high elevation areas in Ladakh Union Territory started making of Artificial Glacier with community involvement to creates an ice Stupa. Besides solving the water crisis in the region, these inventive stupas have also become an important tourist attraction in Ladakh. ” We face difficulties in summers when there is minimal water resources available for agricultural, thus over the years we have started creating artificial glaciers in many areas near to out fields that help us in irrigation during summer season for farming, ” Morup Stanzin , a local from Leh said. The ice stupa, a kind of artificial glacier, is the brainchild of a famous Ladakhi engineer and innovator named Sonam Wangchuk who created first Ice Stupa in 2015, taking inspiration from ancestral practices and veteran Ladakhi civil engineer Chewang Norphel’s work on artificial glaciers, Ice Stupas have been designed at various locations across Ladakh ever since. Chewang Norphel is also known as Ice man. Ice Stupa is a form of glacier grafting technique that creates artificial glaciers, used for storing winter water (which otherwise would go unused) in the form of conical shaped ice heaps. During summer, when water is scarce, the Ice Stupa melts to increase water supply for crops. To create an ice stupa, pipes connect to a stream of water from higher in the mountains which flows down and cold temperatures do the rest. An artificial glacier can go upto a height of 50-70 ft. Using basic and inexpensive techniques, a conical structure of wood and steel is built and then gravity, rather than electricity, is used to bring water diverted from a nearby streams during the rainy season, and sprayed this into the air like a fountain. The sub-zero temperatures quickly freeze the water into the conical structure, so that a mass of ice begins to grow. The end result has the same high, narrow dome-shape typical of Buddhist shrines, hence the “stupa” part of the name, which slows down subsequent melting because the surface area exposed to the sun and warm temperatures is minimised. When the warmer, arid growing season arrives, the lower altitude streams quickly dry up and there is little water available again until June when the glaciers provide meltwater again. It is in this crucial window that the ice stupas start melting, offering an invaluable source of water for irrigation early in the growing season, extending the cropping season by a few weeks – which makes all the difference in this extreme agricultural environment. However , since a couple of years the prominent climate activist from Ladakh Sonam Wangchuk has further brought innovation into this and worked on the idea of digital automation to make Ice Stupas . As per Wangchuk Automation plays a crucial role in optimising the effectiveness and efficiency of Ice Stupas. Automated systems control the flow of water, ensuring precise distribution and optimal conditions for ice formation. Advanced monitoring technology tracks weather patterns and water levels in real-time, enabling adjustments to be made promptly enhancing the scalability of Ice Stupa projects.
NoneIndia, Kuwait sign MoU to establish joint commission for cooperation at ministerial level
Malaysia’s government recently announced a significant development in the ongoing mystery of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370, which vanished without a trace over ten years ago. The authorities have initiated plans to resume the search for the missing aircraft, marking a renewed effort in the face of one of aviation’s greatest enigmas. The private maritime robotics company Ocean Infinity has signed an 18-month agreement to lead this new search operation. The company will gain $70 million if they successfully locate the aircraft. Ham radio tech The search will incorporate advanced technology, particularly Weak Signal Propagation Reporter (WSPR), which utilizes low-power radio transmissions commonly used by amateur radio enthusiasts, known as ham radio operators. The innovative WSPR technology functions by sending out weak signals that can create “breadcrumbs” in the form of flight paths. Imagine radio waves radiating across vast ocean expanses; if a large aircraft crosses these beams, it creates a disturbance that can be detected and recorded. By analyzing the WSPR data from the day the flight disappeared—March 8, 2014—investigators hope to reconstruct an approximate route the Boeing 777 might have taken once it lost contact. Simon Maskell, a professor specializing in autonomous systems, is providing advice to Ocean Infinity. He has pointed out the importance of this analysis in narrowing down the search area: “The significant question is whether this analysis will effectively reduce the search area. If we can definitively state that the plane couldn’t have gone in certain directions, it allows us to focus our search more efficiently.” MH370 search resumes Flight MH370 took off from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, bound for Beijing, China. Tragically, air traffic control lost contact just as the plane entered Vietnamese airspace over the Gulf of Thailand. Military radar later tracked the flight, which made an unexpected U-turn and headed into the Indian Ocean. Contact was lost an hour after takeoff, and the first search efforts were ultimately halted in 2017. At the time of its disappearance, there were 227 passengers and 12 crew members onboard, leaving families and friends seeking closure for a devastating event that remains unresolved. Since then, some debris linked to the flight has appeared on Africa’s east coast, thousands of miles away from Malaysia, emphasizing the vast oceanic area covering the potential crash site. 5,800 square-mile search zone Ocean Infinity has identified a 5,800 square-mile search zone for this operation—an area roughly the size of Connecticut. This targeted approach will hopefully increase the likelihood of discovery, although the task remains formidable. Experts believe the Boeing 777’s fuselage may have sunk deep into the soft, muddy seabed of the South Indian Ocean over the last decade, complicating recovery efforts even further. In this renewed endeavor, the Malaysian government and Ocean Infinity are hopeful that combining maritime technology and WSPR analysis will finally answer the many questions surrounding Flight MH370. As families continue to seek closure and the aviation community remembers the tragic loss, this new search marks a critical step toward potentially solving one of the most haunting mysteries in recent airline history. The world watches closely, hoping for a breakthrough that could finally explain the fate of Flight MH370 and provide some solace to those who lost loved ones in this tragic event .Keeping fans happy is Chelsea's aim, says Maresca
Amit Shah pushes for use of tech to implement new criminal laws
Minister of Finance and the Public Service, Hon. Fayval Williams, is urging Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF) member countries to enhance regional cooperation in order to strengthen anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CTF) frameworks, thereby safeguarding their financial systems. “Your active participation and expertise are critical in shaping our region’s response to financial crimes. We do understand the gravamen of this awesome task, where the UN (United Nations) Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimates that annual money laundering volumes range from two per cent to five per cent of global GDP (gross domestic product) or about US$2.2 trillion to US$5.5 trillion,” Mrs. Williams outlined. “This is a never-ending battle, and we must remain forever vigilant. I also cannot overemphasise the importance of the commitment to keep our systems robust and in line with international standards as the most assured way to stay off the Financial Action Task Force’s grey list and the European Union (EU) blacklist, which can be materially detrimental for our financial systems and, by extension, for our economies,” the Minister added. She was addressing the 59th CFATF Plenary and Working Group Meetings opening ceremony at the Princess Grand Hotel in Hanover on Wednesday (December 4). The plenary is being hosted by the Finance Ministry through the Bank of Jamaica (BOJ). CFATF is an organisation of 25 states of the Caribbean Basin, Central and South America, which have agreed to implement common countermeasures to address money laundering. It was established following meetings convened in Aruba in May 1990 and Jamaica in November 1992. The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) grey list identifies countries with strategic deficiencies in their AML/CFT system. Using a tailored action plan, countries on the grey list are assessed by and work with a group of experts to rectify gaps in their systems. Jamaica was recently removed from the grey list, after being placed on it in 2020. The EU blacklist, officially known as the EU List of Non-Cooperative Tax Jurisdictions, comprise countries deemed uncooperative in terms of tax transparency, fair taxation, and anti-base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) measures. Minister Williams highlighted that some 22 countries have been placed on the FATF’s grey list in recent months, with two being CFATF Member States. “I highlight this statistic for us all to be fundamentally aware of the ongoing importance to keep our systems for identifying, mitigating and managing money laundering, terrorism financing and a proliferation of financing risks, up to date and relevant,” she said. “I urge you to pay keen attention to this area, so as to remain relevant, competent authorities, staying abreast of and utilising technology in regulatory and supervisory environments,” Mrs. Williams underscored. For her part, Minister of Education, Skills, Youth and Information, Senator Dr. the Hon. Dana Morris Dixon, noted that in recent years, Jamaica has made significant strides by integrating advanced analytics and automation into its financial intelligence processes. “The implementation of real-time monitoring systems within our financial institutions has greatly improved our ability to detect, disrupt and dismantle illicit operations. Moreover, we have strengthened the capacity of many of our key players in the fight against money laundering, such as our Financial Investigations Division and MOCA (Major Organised Crime and Anti-Corruption Agency),” she said. “Even the work that the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF) is doing... they’re using a lot of technology embedded in their systems so that we can analyse [the] data and identify transactions and activities related to very complex criminal networks. The establishment of specialised task forces to address vulnerabilities identified during our mutual evaluation report was a cornerstone of our strategy,” the Minister added. Senator Morris Dixon commended the Finance Ministry and BOJ for their part in ensuring Jamaica’s removal from the FATF grey list, adding that the island continues to enhance cross-border collaboration by strengthening partnerships with regional and international stakeholders to combat transnational crime. “Jamaica knows what it felt like to be on the grey list and, more importantly, we know the work needed to be removed from the grey list and to also continue the work of securing our countries,” she pointed out. “As we look to the future of our standards, Jamaica aspires for more. We aspire to continuously upgrade our technologies. We’re investing in emerging technologies to stay ahead of evolving criminal operations,” Senator Morris Dixon added. During the plenary, being held from December 1 to 6, representatives of participating member countries will hold discussions on topics of common interest and address deficiencies in their mutual evaluation reports.Philippe Clement details Rangers 'reality' in defensive team selection responseMalaysia’s government recently announced a significant development in the ongoing mystery of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370, which vanished without a trace over ten years ago. The authorities have initiated plans to resume the search for the missing aircraft, marking a renewed effort in the face of one of aviation’s greatest enigmas. The private maritime robotics company Ocean Infinity has signed an 18-month agreement to lead this new search operation. The company will gain $70 million if they successfully locate the aircraft. Ham radio tech The search will incorporate advanced technology, particularly Weak Signal Propagation Reporter (WSPR), which utilizes low-power radio transmissions commonly used by amateur radio enthusiasts, known as ham radio operators. The innovative WSPR technology functions by sending out weak signals that can create “breadcrumbs” in the form of flight paths. Imagine radio waves radiating across vast ocean expanses; if a large aircraft crosses these beams, it creates a disturbance that can be detected and recorded. By analyzing the WSPR data from the day the flight disappeared—March 8, 2014—investigators hope to reconstruct an approximate route the Boeing 777 might have taken once it lost contact. Simon Maskell, a professor specializing in autonomous systems, is providing advice to Ocean Infinity. He has pointed out the importance of this analysis in narrowing down the search area: “The significant question is whether this analysis will effectively reduce the search area. If we can definitively state that the plane couldn’t have gone in certain directions, it allows us to focus our search more efficiently.” MH370 search resumes Flight MH370 took off from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, bound for Beijing, China. Tragically, air traffic control lost contact just as the plane entered Vietnamese airspace over the Gulf of Thailand. Military radar later tracked the flight, which made an unexpected U-turn and headed into the Indian Ocean. Contact was lost an hour after takeoff, and the first search efforts were ultimately halted in 2017. At the time of its disappearance, there were 227 passengers and 12 crew members onboard, leaving families and friends seeking closure for a devastating event that remains unresolved. Since then, some debris linked to the flight has appeared on Africa’s east coast, thousands of miles away from Malaysia, emphasizing the vast oceanic area covering the potential crash site. 5,800 square-mile search zone Ocean Infinity has identified a 5,800 square-mile search zone for this operation—an area roughly the size of Connecticut. This targeted approach will hopefully increase the likelihood of discovery, although the task remains formidable. Experts believe the Boeing 777’s fuselage may have sunk deep into the soft, muddy seabed of the South Indian Ocean over the last decade, complicating recovery efforts even further. In this renewed endeavor, the Malaysian government and Ocean Infinity are hopeful that combining maritime technology and WSPR analysis will finally answer the many questions surrounding Flight MH370. As families continue to seek closure and the aviation community remembers the tragic loss, this new search marks a critical step toward potentially solving one of the most haunting mysteries in recent airline history. The world watches closely, hoping for a breakthrough that could finally explain the fate of Flight MH370 and provide some solace to those who lost loved ones in this tragic event .